· SEI = ‘Software Engineering Institute’ at
Carnegie-Mellon University; initiated by the U.S. Defense Department to
help improve software development processes.
· CMM =
‘Capability Maturity Model’, developed by the SEI. It’s a model of 5
levels of organizational ‘maturity’ that determine effectiveness in
delivering quality software. It is geared to large organizations such as
large U.S. Defense Department contractors. However, many of the QA
processes involved are appropriate to any organization, and if
reasonably applied can be helpful. Organizations can receive CMM ratings
by undergoing assessments by qualified auditors.
Level 1 -
characterized by chaos, periodic panics, and heroic efforts required by
individuals to successfully complete projects. Few if any processes in
place; successes may not be repeatable.
Level 2 –
software project tracking, requirements management, realistic planning,
and configuration management processes are in place; successful
practices can be repeated.
Level 3 – standard
software development and maintenance processes are integrated throughout
an organization; a Software Engineering Process Group is in place to
oversee software processes, and training programs are used to ensure
understanding and compliance.
Level 4 – metrics
are used to track productivity, processes, and products. Project
performance is predictable, and quality is consistently high.
Level 5
– the focus is on continuous process improvement. The impact of new
processes and technologies can be predicted and effectively implemented
when required.
· ISO = ‘International
Organization for Standards’ – The ISO 9001, 9002, and 9003 standards
concern quality systems that are assessed by outside auditors, and they
apply to many kinds of production and manufacturing organizations, not
just software. The most comprehensive is 9001, and this is the one most
often used by software development organizations. It covers
documentation, design, development, production, testing, installation,
servicing, and other processes. ISO 9000-3 (not the same as 9003) is a
guideline for applying ISO 9001 to software development organizations.
The U.S. version of the ISO 9000 series standards is exactly the same as
the international version, and is called the ANSI/ASQ Q9000 series. The
U.S. version can be purchased directly from the ASQ (American Society
for Quality) or the ANSI organizations. To be ISO 9001 certified, a
third-party auditor assesses an organization, and certification is
typically good for about 3 years, after which a complete reassessment is
required. Note that ISO 9000 certification does not necessarily
indicate quality products – it indicates only that documented processes
are followed.
· IEEE = ‘Institute of Electrical and Electronics
Engineers’ – among other things, creates standards such as ‘IEEE
Standard for Software Test Documentation’ (IEEE/ANSI Standard 829),
‘IEEE Standard of Software Unit Testing (IEEE/ANSI Standard 1008), ‘IEEE
Standard for Software Quality Assurance Plans’ (IEEE/ANSI Standard
730), and others.
· ANSI = ‘American National
Standards Institute’, the primary industrial standards body in the U.S.;
publishes some software-related standards in conjunction with the IEEE
and ASQ (American Society for Quality).
http://www.softwaretestinghelp.com/what-is-sei-cmm-iso-ieee-ansi-will-it-help/
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